Joseph Beuys (Krefeld, Germany, 1921–Düsseldorf 1986) is widely regarded as one of the most influential artists of the second half of the 20th century. His extensive work is grounded in concepts of humanism, social philosophy and anthroposophy; it culminates in his 'extended definition of art' and the idea of social sculpture as a gesamtkunstwerk, for which he claimed a creative, participatory role in shaping society and politics. The large range of highly symbolic mediums such as felt, fat or honey, is closely connected to his almost shamanic practice, which has been widely expressed in the field of performance and in pedagogic actions. By his unique artistic practice, Joseph Beuys has initiated numerous fascinating debates that are still relevant today.