ZAO WOU-KI

With his gestural, atmospheric paintings, Zao Wou-Ki (1920–2013) synthesised Eastern and Western aesthetic traditions, helping to shape lyrical abstraction in postwar Europe over six decades. Born in Peking (now Beijing) and raised in Shanghai, Zao studied and later taught at the Hangzhou School of Fine Arts. In 1948, he moved to Paris, where he began to reckon with and reconcile the long-established forms of landscape and calligraphic ink painting of his classical training and the Impressionism and Expressionism he admired in France, finding resonance in the two. Zao befriended figures such as Alberto Giacometti, Joan Miró, and Henri Michaux, and, with the artists associated with the École de Paris, worked to expand the boundaries of expressionist abstraction in painting. He worked predominantly in oils, watercolour, and ink, but also experimented with engravings and lithography. In 1949, his first solo exhibition in Paris was mounted at Galerie Creuze. He traveled to New York frequently since 1957, spending time with Barnett Newman and Franz Kline; and in 1959, his work debuted in New York with Samuel Kootz, the legendary dealer of Abstract Expressionism. The span from 1959 to 1972 has been sometimes referred to as Zao’s prolific Hurricane Period, wherein he expanded the scale of his canvases and integrated calligraphy-inspired brushwork.