HARUN FAROCKI

Born in German-annexed Czechoslovakia in 1944, Farocki spent much of his childhood in India before settling in Berlin, where his skepticism was forged amidst the schisms and protests of 1968. Several of his earliest films explicitly target the VietnamWar: White Christmas punctures the kitsch nostalgia of the holiday with footage of bombs that fall like snow; Their Newspapers skewers the role of print media in manufacturing public consent. Farocki’s first feature, Inextinguishable Fire, positions its director in front of the camera, adopting the guise of the TV anchors who brought the war home on the evening news. His voiceover weighs the moral and aesthetic dilemmas of presenting images of suffering, as complacent viewers will avert their eyes from what they do not wish to see. Rather than showing victims burned by Napalm, Farocki puts out a lit cigarette on his own arm, then segues to fictional scenes set in the offices of Dow Chemical. The acclaimed essay film exposes the mechanisms by which accountability is deferred, as well as the corporate culture and profit incentives that serve to normalise acts of war.

That imbrication of the mundane and the monstrous would occupy Farocki for the next forty years, as the media landscape became ever more saturated with battlefield imagery made routine or abstract. Respite recovers eerily banal raw footage from inside a Nazi transit camp; A Way intercuts Gulf War-era computerised surveillance with shots of civilian goods that rolloff assembly lines. The film ends with Bertolt Brecht’s stark adage—‘War always finds a way’—and links the automation of production and destruction: new weapons technologies create the need for new enemies at which to aim them.

The causal role of the camera’s eye was manifest in Farocki’s first work for German television, titled Two Paths, which slowly pans across a medieval map of the routes to heaven and hell. That technique of enlivening a still image recurs in the two-channel video The Silver and the Cross: one sequence examines an 18th-century oil painting of a Bolivian mining town decimated by colonial rule, while the other documents the same locale in the present, still touched by the long arm of capital. The violence encoded in ideology becomes literal in Words of the Chairman, an early short in which Mao’s Little RedBook is torn up and folded into a paper dart—words weaponised against global imperialism. In our own time, sloganeering tends to bypass the manifesto to reach us where we live, as seen in a group of T-shirts on view from Farocki’s personal collection. Their strident messaging attests to a politics that extended beyond the studio and into the streets, in a lifelong project that combined formal daring with an activist’s resolve for change.