Kaarel Kurismaa is the first and most prominent sound art and sound installation artist in Estonia. A preeminent figure in kinetic art, his practice also encompasses painting, animation, public space monumental art and stage installations. Following his studies at Tartu Art School in late 1950s, Kurismaa entered the monumental painting department at the State Art Institute in 1965. Kurismaa’s working as an artist-decorator for the Tallinn Department Store brought him into contact with a plethora of readymade materials and forms, as well as giving him a platform to experiment. Having produced his first kinetic object in 1966—the first known kinetic object in Estonian art history—Kurismaa, in the 1970s increasingly influenced by Pop Art, continued to combine and reuse readymade materials, working around the limited access to consumer products in the USSR. The artist was also influential in Estonian new music scene throughout the decade, collaborating with the cult progressive rock group Mess and producing stage design for their performances. From the late 1970s, Kurismaa worked on animated children’s films, painting, and public commissions, realizing several kinetic and sound objects during the 1980s, though some of them have since been since demolished or lost. He resumed his focus on sound in the 1990s, concentrating on creating site-specific installations interacting with space using visual and acoustic means.